当免疫疗法被证明可以有效治疗某些类型的癌症,尤其是肺癌和黑色素瘤时,胰腺癌依然是非常难以治疗的癌症,截止到目前为止研究者还不能利用基于免疫的疗法来治疗胰腺癌,近日一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Medicine上的研究报告中,研究人员对小鼠研究发现,当将免疫疗法同破碎肿瘤纤维组织的药物进行结合后,或许就可以帮助有效抵御胰腺癌。
文章中,来自华盛顿大学医学院等机构的研究人员对恶性胰腺癌患者进行了第一阶段的临床试验,试验中研究者检测了特殊药物结合标准化疗方法抵御胰腺癌的安全性和有效性。David G. DeNardo博士说道,不像其它类型的癌症,胰腺癌的主要特征就是形成疤痕组织,额外的结缔组织及其细胞就可以为癌细胞提供一种保护环境,从而阻断免疫系统攻击肿瘤细胞,同时限制癌细胞过多地暴露于化疗方法中,文章中,研究者调查了如果他们可以干扰帮助纤维组织吸附到周围细胞上的蛋白,是否对胰腺癌细胞的保护作用就会缺失。
名为成簇黏附激酶(FAK)的蛋白被认为主要参与许多疾病中纤维组织的形成(并不仅仅是癌症),因此研究者假设,阻断该通路或许就可以减小胰腺癌的纤维化组织及免疫抑制作用。在很多癌症研究领域中研究者都开发了FAK抑制剂,但本文研究中,研究者首次将FAK抑制剂同化疗联合起来,检测其抵御胰腺癌的作用效果;在小鼠实验中,当将FAK抑制剂同临床批准的化疗方法进行结合时就可以激活机体T细胞的功能,并纳妾使得肿瘤细胞对于攻击更加敏感。
当单独给予FAK抑制剂或免疫疗法时,胰腺癌小鼠模型存活不会超过两个月,当将FAK抑制剂同标准化疗方法结合后就可以明显改善肿瘤对化疗作用的反应;但将FAK抑制剂、免疫疗法及化疗方法进行结合治疗后就可以表现出最佳的治疗效果。最后研究者希望可以利用新型的多种组合方法来帮助改善胰腺癌患者的疾病症状,尤其是生存时间仅为6个月至1年的转移性胰腺癌患者。上述三联结合疗法或许可以帮助更加有效抵御胰腺癌的发展,其会帮助破碎肿瘤微环境中的纤维组织,以便更多免疫细胞和化疗药物可以对肿瘤实施精准攻击。
doi:10.1038/nm.4123
PMC:
PMID:
Targeting focal adhesion kinase renders pancreatic cancers responsive to checkpoint immunotherapy
Hong Jiang, Samarth Hegde, Brett L Knolhoff, Yu Zhu, John M Herndon, Melissa A Meyer, Timothy M Nywening, William G Hawkins, Irina M Shapiro, David T Weaver, Jonathan A Pachter, Andrea Wang-Gillam &David G DeNardo
Single-agent immunotherapy has achieved limited clinical benefit to date in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This may be a result of the presence of a uniquely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Critical obstacles to immunotherapy in PDAC tumors include a high number of tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells and a uniquely deoplastic stroma that functions as a barrier to T cell infiltration. We identified hyperactivated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity in neoplastic PDAC cells as an important regulator of the fibrotic and immunosuppressive TME. We found that FAK activity was elevated in human PDAC tissues and correlated with high levels of fibrosis and poor CD8+ cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Single-agent FAK inhibition using the selective FAK inhibitor VS-4718 substantially limited tumor progression, resulting in a doubling of survival in the p48-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53flox/+ (KPC) mouse model of human PDAC. This delay in tumor progression was associated with markedly reduced tumor fibrosis and decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells. We also found that FAK inhibition rendered the previously unresponsive KPC mouse model responsive to T cell immunotherapy and PD-1 antagonists. These data suggest that FAK inhibition increases immune surveillance by overcoming the fibrotic and immunosuppressive PDAC TME and renders tumors responsive to immunotherapy.